The American Disability Act, ADA

Acquaintance According with the American Disability Act, ADA is a demonstration which depends on the reason that a business who has at least 15 workers guarantees that they give sensible convenience to those representatives or people who have disabilities.Advertising We will compose a custom contextual analysis test on The American Disability Act, ADA explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, this is except if those incapacities would be esteemed to realize or cause undue difficulty. Basically, sensible settlement is a change that follows changes in the workplace which is generally planned for helping an individual who has got incapacities to fit in. Case One According to the ADA, a business must guarantee that the sensible settlement courses of action are made for the worker with inabilities. This ought to guarantee that the worker can be in a place of doing the basic elements of the activity. Along these lines, if a business is in a place of altering the jobâ €™s necessity structure or structure which will cause the business saw difficulties and simultaneously guarantee that a worker who has got inabilities to work, at that point it is fundamental that the difference in the activity ought to be made. For this situation, Hand meets the legitimate meaning of a certified person who has a handicap. This is on the grounds that he can't have the option to complete a few errands inside the expected set of responsibilities on account of the overall conditions as to his wellbeing condition. As indicated by the ADA, the business ought to be in a situation to guarantee that he makes conditions or open doors for representatives like Hand to work. This infers it is the obligation of the business to make such conditions. Case two The LMRA is a shortened form which represents Labor Management Relations Act. This is a government law which controls the sort of relationship that exists between the businesses and the representatives or the laborers. Th is law looks to bring a harmony between the regarding rights and needs bosses and workers. This is especially in accordance with compensation, issues to do with aggregate haggling and the working states of the representatives. The release from obligation of Dale and Brady was an infringement of segment 8(a) (1) and (3) of the LMRA. This is on the grounds that the release was coordinated towards the impedance and limitation which was coordinated against aggregate action. Likewise, the activity taken by their manager was oppressive in nature since it endeavored to dishearten any type of help for the aggregate arrangement of a union.Advertising Looking for contextual analysis on business corporate law? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Essentially, rather than the business looking to sack the representatives, it ought to have tried to explain the remain of the administration concerning the issues which were being raised by Dale and Brady. This would have come about into a typical understanding considering the subject which was close by. The choice by JTI to grant just 50% of the security reward cash accessible to its truck drivers was unlawful. This is on the grounds that it was a choice which was shown up at without taking into contemplations the interests of the laborers. The laborers were not counseled in this way the move may be viewed as authoritarian and non popularity based. References Holley, W., Kenneth, J., Roger, W. (2011). The Labor Relations Process. California: Cengage Learning. Wolters, R., William, H. (1988). Work relations:an experiential and case approach. New York: Dryden Press. This contextual investigation on The American Disability Act, ADA was composed and put together by client Amanda Roach to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for examination and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

The Asian Financial Crises Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

The Asian Financial Crises - Essay Example The outcome was an a lot further Crisis than was important or unavoidable ( Radelet and Sachs, 1998, p 12). † Asian money related emergencies prompted the improvement of innovation or brain research. Additionally, the accessibility of credit prompted the production of an utilized financial condition and prompted increments in the costs of resources for a level which the Asian nations couldn't continue. The expansion in resource costs, finally, crumbled, causing organizations and people to neglect to meet their obligation commitments. On the off chance that it couldn't be for the crumbling of the organizations and associations, the Asian nations would be a long ways ahead with improvements. The withdrawal of credits by the loan specialists likewise assumed a significant job being developed in Asian nations. The legislature of these nations needed to execute new systems that would not prompt declining of the ways of life of the individuals. They tried to get from the IMF and to discount at a specific intrigue. Also, the trade markets were overwhelmed with outside monetary forms, subsequently deterioration on their monetary standards. So as to forestall loss of estimation of their monetary forms, the Asian nation's administration raised their loan costs with the goal that they could pull in outside financial specialists. These administrations additionally mediated in the trade showcases by purchasing the abundance monetary standards in the market at a fixed rate however neither of every one of these approaches was continued for long. Without the frenzy and virus, the Asian nations were so steady and they were to be among the main created nations on the planet. ‘‘ indeed, a socially nonsensical reaction as in, without the frenzy, the circumstance was sensibly steady - the obligation could have been reimbursed on conceivable presumptions about the financial presentation of organizations, banks, and economies (Wade, 1998, p 2). †

8 Things You Should Know About Cryptocurrency Taxes

8 Things You Should Know About Cryptocurrency Taxes Are you a cryptocurrency investor?Have you experienced huge profits or losses from the spikes in crypto prices?Whether celebrating the profits or mourning the losses, you’ve probably come to terms with the volatile nature of cryptocurrency prices.Since 2009 when Bitcoin came into existence, the world has been eagerly waiting for it to replace fiat money.But with the kind of instability it shows in prices, that may not be happening any time soon.One thing that can however happen very soon, is you finding yourself on the wrong side of the law.The IRS is not waiting for fiat money to be replaced before charging you taxes. It is already demanding that you pay up what you owe.If you are like many Americans, you probably don’t know that you’re supposed to be paying taxes on your coins.Or maybe you know about it but like many others, aren’t sure how to go about it.We have written this for you. A brief guide on what to keep in mind when transacting using your crypto coins.QUICK FACTS ABOUT CRYPTOCURRENCY TAXESThe IRS has provided some guidelines to be followed for tax filing purposes.However, it’s important to note that those guidelines may not be fully comprehensive.This is because the crypto world is still an innovation on the move.The basics are all done. The blockchain technology is well established and is even being utilized in established institutions like banks. These are called private blockchain.But cryptocurrencies are looking to replace fiat money as the primary medium of exchange. For that reason, there is still more that has to be achieved.Some of the pending issues revolve around security, privacy and regulation.Focusing on taxation, here are 8 things to help you quickly get a grasp of crypto taxes.1. Cryptocurrency is treated as property, not currency.This can be a bit confusing.You use Bitcoin, Ethereum and the others for buying, right? Doesn’t that make them currency?Well, you may think so. And certainly you’re rightâ€"at east to some deg ree.The IRS however sees it slightly differently.For tax purposes, your crypto collection is an asset. More specifically, it is property.This becomes clear when you consider how crypto transactions are done.If you go through the transactions step by step, you will see how the IRS came to this conclusion.What happens when you invest in cryptocurrencies?As an investor, you buy the coins of your choice and hold on to them for a while.This may be several days, weeks, months or even years. It all depends on the investment period you decide to hold.But as a typical investment, what happens to the price of the coins you have?It is either going up or down.If you bought a home for selling after a year or two, what would happen to its price?It would either go up or down.See the connection?This is the very idea behind your investment. You buy so you can sell later at a profit. In some cases, you may experience a loss.Either way, it is the nature of any form of property you invest in. And this is how the IRS sees it.The appreciation and depreciation in value of coins is what makes them be considered as property.2. You’re only taxed for selling crypto, not buying.If cryptocurrency is property, then what transactions get taxed?It might be comforting to know that you will not be taxed for buying cryptocurrencies. As good as that is, it is not however a move by the IRS to be lenient with you.This is informed by the above principle that cryptocurrency is property.When you buy property, you are basically making an acquisition. You do not stand to make any benefit. If you did, then you would be taxed for it.Think of it this way: when you spend, you are kind of losing, but when you gain, you are increasing your wealth. That gain which you’re making is what taxation targets.Consider the purchase of a physical product.Phone purchase exampleWhen you buy a new phone, you have given part of your wealth to someone else. The retailer is the one gaining because he is making a profit. He is gaining from the transaction. As such, he is taxed for that.You, on the other hand, paid a higher price due to taxation but aren’t directly taxed for the purchase. You will not be filing any taxes for the purchase. The retailer is the one who will be doing that.The same principle applies when buying cryptocurrency.The acquisition is not necessarily a gain because a gain can only be achieved after a sale.The cryptocurrency exchange from where you buy your coins is the one which will be expected to file for taxes. Breaking down a cryptocurrency saleTo better understand this, let’s look at the step-by-step process of a coin sale. Comparing it to a purchase, you see why the sale is what is taxed and not the purchase.To begin with, keep in mind that the IRS deals with US dollars. It does not deal with cryptocurrencies directly.For that reason, the acquisition of US dollars is what grabs its attention.Coffee buying exampleWant to buy coffee from a restaurant which accepts crypt ocurrencies for payment? Just note that you will be liable to taxation if you pay using your coins.Believe it or not, you are gaining from the purchase of the coffee.Here’s how the transaction happens.Although you are only buying coffee, you are actually making two different transactions. And this is where some people get confused.The first transaction is the selling of your coins for an equivalent value of US dollars. The second transaction is using the USD to purchase coffee.You will be taxed for the first transaction while the shop gets taxed for the second. You stand to gain from the first transaction while the shop stands to gain from the second.Makes sense?You see, in the first transaction, you increase your wealth by gaining US dollars.This is money you did not have. You sold your coins so as to get the cash.Whether you get a profit from this particular sale or not, it’s a transaction which you’ll have to consider when filing your taxes.Another way of looking at it is b y going back to the aspect of cryptocurrency being property.When property is sold, you either make a profit or a loss. This is called capital gains or capital loss. This is the basis of your transaction being taxed.Therefore, as you sell your coin property, remember that there are taxes waiting to be filed.3. Payment from employer or client is taxable income.But if you thought that not being warmly embraced makes cryptocurrencies a tax-free option for your salary, then this is for you.The government hasn’t fully embraced cryptocurrencies due to their decentralized nature.More than that, cryptocurrencies aim at avoiding central controlâ€"even doing away with it completely.This is not an easy thing for governments to allow.However, that doesn’t mean you can make extra dollars by not being taxed the same way your colleagues are. Just as they are taxed on their income, so will you.If your employer decides to pay you using any of the cryptocurrencies, he is supposed to withhold the a ppropriate income tax.If you are working for a cryptocurrency company, you might be receiving your income in the form of cryptocurrencies. Such companies may be exchanges, analysts, advisors etc.In this case, just as though you were being paid in USD, your income is taxable. So you should file your taxes accordingly.4. Payment from mining is taxable income.Are you a cryptocurrency miner? Wondering if you are tax exempt?Wonder no more. The IRS made sure they caught you when they cast their net. As you will see by the time you finish reading this article, the net was cast really far and wide.It is obvious that crypto mining is an income-generating activity. In fact, to be fair, it is a serious venture.Setting up a crypto mining environment is akin to setting up a factory. The kind that uses up a lot of electricity.Take a look at the below chart showing the energy consumption of Bitcoin mining. The coin’s mining has been estimated to cost more power than that of 12 US states.The stat es are Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Maine, Montana, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Dakota, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Vermont and Wyoming. Source: DigiconomistIs it a wonder then that a government may want to tax an activity which uses up such amounts of power?Keep in mind that there is need to generate and supply more power. Population growth also adds to this need.With that kind of power consumption, the needs for a mining rig are totally different from those of a normal computer user.Mining takes several forms and all of them are deemed taxable income.1. When mining your own coins â€" if you are a miner, congratulations and all the best. For your heavy investment, we hope you get the returns you expect. Since you get your rewards in the form of the coins your platform produces, you should pay taxes on their value.2. When mining for an employer â€" if you are employed as a miner, you most likely get paid in the crypto whose platform you are working in.Your employer may even be paying you using a different coin. For example, you might be mining Litecoin but getting paid in Ethereum. Or vice versa.Either way, the crypto currency in which you receive your payment is taxable.3. When mining for a third party â€" if you are doing it for someone else but not as an employee, your pay is still taxable. Essentially, you are a contractor and the person you’re mining for is your client.When you get paid, the same rules for income tax apply.Check out the below video to see what a mining environment looks like. 5. Tax reporting is done in US dollars.All the tax reporting you will do for your crypto transactions is done in US dollars.There is no way, at least not yet as of now, that the IRS will use cryptocurrency values for taxation purposes.The volatility is too high for dependability in value.How do you know what value to use when filing for taxes?Because of the high volatility, this is a major issue for many who are filing taxes. The answer is quite simple thoughâ€"in theory. In practice, it can prove a nightmare. Especially if you have many transactions.You determine the right value for taxation by consi dering the USD value at the time of the transaction.If you’re reading this and you’ve never done any transactions, then you’re fortunate. All you have to do is keep a record of every transaction you do.If the receipts you receive don’t show you the USD rate, then just note it yourself then keep the receipts.Here is an example of a receipt showing the exchange rate. This is from an Athena Bitcoin ATM. Source: Athena BitcoinIf the merchant’s receipt has the rate, then your work has been made easier. Keep it safe.If you are reading this and have been transacting for some time, then you have to remember as many transactions as possible.If they are many, you may not remember them all. Just do your best and the IRS will be okay with that. At least that’s all you can do for now.Moving forward, the laws and requirements might be changing to better cover all grounds. Also, while in search of your transaction details, you can check with your exchange.They might be able to help you track down some transactions.With the transaction dates, you can easily check the history of the coins versus the USD and update your records.6. Non-filing or wrongful filing can result in penalties.As at now, the IRS doesn’t have a real way of nabbing tax evaders who make use of cryptocurrencies.But that should not make you sit easy thinking you can live without them knowing about your income sources.In 20 17, the IRS was in court seeking identifying records for some crypto traders using Coinbase. The court ruled in favor of the IRS.The IRS should have records of users who had bought, sold, sent, or received more than $20,000 per year between 2013 and 2015.As you think of tax filing, keep in mind that it’s not a guarantee the IRS can’t find you out.Filing your taxes wrongly can also cause problems. It can be seen as intentional. Non-filing on the other hand is definitely intentional. Can you escape a charge against such?A conviction can bring about a 5-year jail term and or a maximum of $250,000 in penalties.Therefore, it is important to cultivate the habit of filing your taxes just as though you were being paid in fiat money.This way, when the noose gets tightened, you will have nothing to worry about.7. Giving cryptocurrencies as a gift isn’t taxable.Are you feeling generous? Or are you always philanthropic?There is good news for you. You don’t need to reduce your level of g iving.Whether you are giving to charity or to individuals like friend or family, giving in crypto is tax-free.Whatever you give in crypto form is not going to be taxed. And this is not a relief to you only. The receiver of the gift, the donee, if it’s a donation, will also not be taxed.This is one of the exceptions the IRS provides to facilitate smooth flow of property between people. There is a caveat though.There is a maximum amount which you should stay within if giving tax free.Every year, the IRS determines this maximum so as to give direction to those wishing to make donations. As long as you are within this limit, you are good to go. Any gift above it requires you to file a gift tax return.For 2019, that limit is $15,000.8. Crypto-crypto exchange is taxable.What about when you merely exchange one coin for another?For example, you may be having Ethereum coins but want Bitcoin. You are not making any sale of your coins but just exchanging them for another type. Should this be taxed?Remember the coffee buying example we looked at? A similar thing is happening here.If you are exchanging one coin for another, there are two transactions taking place.You are first of all selling your coin then buying another using the proceeds of the sale. Whether you make a gain or a loss on the sale is something else. But the fact is that you first sell, then buy.On the basis of that sale, you will have to pay tax.You will need to check the amount received from the sale and compare it to the cost basis.The cost basis is the amount you spent to acquire the crypto you just sold.If you have made a profit, then you file for capital gains. If a loss, then capital losses.CONCLUSIONOne thing that stands out in all of these is that cryptocurrencies are treated as property.In fact, remembering that alone can help you remember all other things which need to be kept in mind.

Carry Trades And The Financial Crisis - 1364 Words

Florencio Ortega Research Paper Carry Trades The Financial Crisis In finance a carry trade is a strategy that consists of borrowing at a low interest rate currency to fund investment in higher yielding currencies. (Moffett) The country in which the investors borrow from is called the funding country and the country where the investment occurs is called the target country. (4) Carry trade is also termed currency carry trade; this strategy is speculative in that the currency risk is present and not managed or hedged. (Moffett) Although there are several complicated carry trades in finance, the most popular are carry trades in the foreign exchange market, which I will discuss in this paper and its role in the financial crisis of 2008. This strategy is executed by using the following the next steps: An investor will first identify a high and low interest rate currency with a significant spread where they believe there is an arbitrage opportunity. Then he/she would borrow in the lower interest rate currency and convert the amount received from the loan into a different currency, one with a higher interest rate. Next, the investor will reinvest this new amount into the bonds of the country with the higher interest rate. (Khan) Based on the returns (interest) of the bonds they will use those funds to repay the amount borrowed. Finally the amount left over after paying the original debt will become the investor’s profit. While this strategy seems simple in theory, in realityShow MoreRelatedFinance : Finance A Carry Trade1144 Words   |  5 PagesIn finance a carry trade is a strategy that consists of borrowing at a low interest rate currency to fund investment in higher yielding currencies. (Moffett) The country in which the investors borrow from is called the funding country and the country where the investment occurs is called the target country. 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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Will Help Finally Come...

PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) has always been an issue especially with those that have experienced sexual assault, a traumatic accident or injury, being a prisoner of war, or participated in combat. Sadly, ever since the Iraq war, PTSD has been becoming even more widespread. Soldiers have been diagnosed with chronic PTSD and the medication has not been helping. PTSD causes a variety types of symptoms including: flashbacks, nightmares, recurring visual images of the traumatic experience, negative mood, avoiding situations that can cause a flashback, feeling disconnected from other people, being easily started, insomnia, and poor concentration. PTSD affects approximately 8 percent of all Americans at some point in their life, and 30%†¦show more content†¦In the late 2000s the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, MAPS, received permission from the FDA to run their own MDMA-assisted therapy trials. The results were so incredible that it became the most downloaded article in 2010. Even though patients and data support the use of MDMA-assisted therapy, there is still opposition. A previous MAPS attempt at trials is seen in the article â€Å"MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy Using Low Doses in a Small Sample of Women with Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder† which specifically states â€Å"political pressures led to the closing of the study before it could be finished† (Buoso 1.) It was extremely devastating because nothing went wrong, and they had very promising data. It is hard to believe that people with power felt threatened enough by the research to force the trials to end. With a growing PTSD epidemic in America, I feel that MDMA-assisted therapy is extremely promising and the side effects are nowhere near as bad as the present medication used to treat disorder. Some psychologists secretly practice MDMA-assisted therapy on patients even though it is extremely illegal. 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The stress that Will Hunting endured in his childhood could have caused him severalRead More Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Treatment Essay1416 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1980, the term Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) first came into existence in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III). Only in 1987 did the DSM series make reference to traumatized children. The first major studies of the effects of large traumas on children were Blochs 1956 study of the effect of a tornado in Mississippi, Laceys 1972 study of the effects of an avalanche on a Welsh school, Newmans 1976 work on the Buffalo Creek disaster and Terrs

Assessing the Impact of Using Internet for Competitive Intelligence Free Essays

Assessing the impact of using Internet for competitive intelligence Here is the summary of an interesting scientific paper dealing with the impact of using the Internet for competitive intelligence. The Internet, as an information-rich resource and interorganizational communication tool, has transformed the way that firms gather, produce and transmit competitive intelligence (CI). The aim of this article is to assess the impact of the Internet on CI and the subsequent effects on the organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Assessing the Impact of Using Internet for Competitive Intelligence or any similar topic only for you Order Now What is CI? It is a process of knowing what the competition is up to and staying one step ahead of it, by gathering information about competitors and ideally, applying this information in short- and long-term strategic planning. It refers to actionable information about the external business environment that could affect a company’s competitive position. CI is not industrial espionage given that 90% of all information that a company needs to make critical decisions and to understand its market and competitors is already public or can be systematically developed from public data. The growth of the Internet has led to CI professionals exploiting its information richness and hypermedia capabilities for CI activities. By using the Internet, a company can monitor the presence, posture, products, and prices of other players in its industry. It can track the views of customers and seek out new ideas and expertise internationally. Model : they examine the downstream effects of using the Internet (for research, internal and external use) on quality of CI information and its subsequent effects on organizational performance. Concretely, the model could be summarized as followed: Research + Internal Use + External Use Quality of CI information Impact on organization The first three components symbolized the Internet Usage. Results and implications The results of this study indicate that using the Internet has a positive impact on the quality of CI information. There is a positive relationship between usage of CI information and organizational performance. It shows that the improved quality of CI information through Internet usage has a positive impact on organization. The results suggest that there is a direct positive link between usage of the Internet (for research, internal or external purpose) and the quality of CI information, and a positive downstream impact on the organizations’ strategic benefits. Although there may be some concerns about the reliability and timeless of information published on the Internet, there is little doubt that it is one of the most cost-effective means of obtaining information. However, data must be transformed into knowledge and order has to be created from the chaos of the Internet. The information overload from the Internet also makes focused research difficult but ‘intelligent agents’ have to be developed to automate and alleviate the CI professional’s information gathering workload. My opinion: This paper has been written in 2001, which means a very long time ago when we are talking about the Internet and its information storage capabilities. Do you think this paper is no longer suitable for the current situation we are experiencing (empowerment of the customers through social medias, increased access to the Internet, hackers and so on) ? Moreover, they say that the ‘intelligent agents’ have to learn how to scan the information to find the relevant one and that it’s the most cost-effective means of obtaining information, do you think this notion is still true or must be nuanced ? Bron: â€Å"Assessing the impact of using Internet for competitive intelligence† Thompson S. H. Teo Wing Yee Choo Information Management 39 (2001) 67-83 http://www. cuaed. unam. mx/puel_cursos/cursos/d_gcfe_m_tres/modulo/modulo_3/m3-4. pdf How to cite Assessing the Impact of Using Internet for Competitive Intelligence, Essay examples

Recognition Scheme and Leadership Approach

Question: Discuss about the Recognition Scheme and Leadership Approach. Answer: Introduction: The aim of the study to focus on the Human Resource Management theories and models related to employee attraction and retention along with career progression, remuneration and reward. The purpose of the study is to explore the effectiveness of the HRM practices in the present dynamic business environment. This particular study is based on the case study of retaining talent with salary packaging by McDonald and the Spastic Centre. In order to carry out the study, a secondary research based on a number of HRM theories and models will be done. Discussion on the recognition scheme that supports McDonald's culture and attracts future leaders As evident from the case study, salary packaging plays an effective role in attraction and retention strategies of the employees. A number of other means of rewarding and retention process has also been mentioned in the case study. It has been found that the most popular means of salary packages include vehicle benefits, providing laptops or PDAs. This type of payment scheme has been evident in Spastic Centre. The employees only had to pay $1 a week to avail the scheme related to food outlets and other life necessities (Brown Capozza, 2016). However, an important thing has to be mentioned here that Spastic Centre is a non-profitable organization and keeping the same perspective in mind, the organization does not aim at increasing their profit. On the other hand, if the situation of McDonalds is considered, it has to be said that it is a profit making organization, thus, it has to think of various ways to compete with the other competitors of the market. The Organizational culture at McDonalds has provided unique pay and reward recognition scheme that has helped to motivate the employees of the organization. The Reading Lovewell-Tuck, (2013), it was understood that the fast food restaurant has always successfully managed to motivate the employees and engage them into the organizational activities. This has even boosted the productivity and performance of the organization. As commented by Wery and Thomson, (2013), this reward and recognition scheme falls under the organizational strategies of McDonalds. In fact, the reward programs aligned to the organizational strategy won the award for Employee Benefits Award and since then the strategy never lost its focus (Malik, Butt Choi, 2015). There was an increase in the sales of the products of McDonalds and thus, the motivating strategies can be easily considered as the important tool for the future managers as well to learn from. The management has always focused on making the work place resonate for the employees to work for the particular organization (Grbz, ?ahin Kksal, 2014). Organizational culture at McDonalds supports the goals and objectives of the Organization. Being the biggest fast food restaurant, the Organizational culture has to be designed in a way to attract more customers and eligible employees (Lawter, Kopelman Prottas, 2015). In the same manner, the organizational and the work culture at McDonalds is designed to encourage a learning process. The incentives and the other motivating factors reflect the effectiveness of the firms ability to achieve the desired level of human resource capabilities and excellence. Certain characteristics of the culture at McDonalds can be mentioned here. As mentioned by Crawford, (2015), the culture at McDonalds emphasizes human efficiency and human resource development. The management prioritize towards people-centricity, individual and organizational learning along with diversity and inclusion among the employees of the organization. The organizational culture at McDonalds has enabled the Organization to take advantage of the human resource and improve their quality as well by individual learning as well as organizational learning process (Faisal Ahammad et al., 2015). Therefore, it can be easily considered as the most effective and meaningful success factor in the business of McDonalds. From the above analysis and understanding, it can be easily said that the motivating factors that are used by McDonalds are definitely the best motivating schemes for the employees. Moreover, as known from the case study, the managing directors themselves had worked for the Organization since the time, they were young (Joseph Zacharia, 2013). Thus, they have the knowledge about the culture and the working of the Organization. Futures leaders definitely have true identification of rewarding and motivating employees. Discussion on theory (ies) that would support McDonald's recognition scheme. If the case study of McDonalds is considered, it has to be said that the management of McDonalds focuses on motivating the employees and increase productivity of the employees as much as possible. Therefore, motivational theories can be applied in this respect. Some of the employee motivational theories can be discussed in this respect. Expectancy theory: The Vrooms expectancy model proposes that an individual acts or behaves in a way they are motivated. Therefore, it is important to understand the specific behavior of a person that could determine the desirability of the outcome of the motivational factor. In this matter, Joseph and Zacharia, (2013) commented that understanding the behavior by the means of cognitive process produces desirable outcome. The motivational elements differ from person to person and thus, the outcome cannot be considered as the sole factor for determining the decision on behavior of an individual. Motivation is instrumentally important for achieving better result in terms of performance of an individual and the desirability of achieving the result is known as the valance. As stated by Grachev and Rakitsky, (2013), the management of an organization is highly responsible for taking care of the needs and the motivational factors of the employees. Whatever is promised to the employees should be ensured to them. The management should understand the needs of the employees that might include training or supervising the employees. The perception of the employees towards the management should be clear enough that the employees stay motivated to work at the particular workplace (Aitken, 2014). Motivational approach made by the management of McDonalds has helped to motivate the employees largely. As it has been evident from the case study that apart from providing monetary incentives to the employees, the management also recognizes the employees based on their performance. Recognizing the employees by different titles like Employees of the Month encourages the employees largely and is an impactful motivational factor that future leaders can learn from. Taylors Scientific Management: The Scientific management theory of management analyzes and synthesizes the workflow in an organization. The main objective behind this theory is to improve the economic efficiency focusing on the labor productivity. This attempt was made to apply a number of scientific thinking into the productivity of the organization (Grachev Rakitsky, 2013). The analysis includes logical and rational approach towards the work in an organization. The theory mainly focuses on increasing the efficiency of the workforce by transforming the craft production into mass production. A transfer of knowledge among the employees of an Organization helps to meet standardization of best practices to protect the social status of the particular workers with particular skills and abilities (Aitken, 2014). The theory also focuses on the accomplishing the improvement of the organizational management by improving the productivity of the workplace. If the motivational factor undertaken by McDonalds is considered, it can be said that the management has been focusing on improving the skills of the employees and at the same time, always try to motivate the employees by providing some monetary benefits. Therefore, the motivational factors that are used by McDonalds have helped to motivate the employees greatly and the result can be easily seen from their productivity. Herzbergs Two Factor Theory: Herzbergs Two Factor Theory talks about the important factors that act as the root of motivational factor for the employees of an organization. The motivation-hygiene theory is consistently related to job satisfaction. Kim, Kim and Heo, (2015) pointed out a number of factors that motivate the employees of n organization. These factors are achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement and growth. When these mentioned factors are completely fulfilled by the management of an organization, there remains a greater chance that the employees get motivated and they focus on improving the organizational productivity (Cerasoli, Nicklin Ford, 2014). In addition to this, there are a number of factors that creates dissatisfaction among the employees (Band et al., 2016). These factors are certain Company policies, the work condition, insufficient salary, poor security and others. Therefore, the management should focus on eliminating or improving the situation that would create dissatisfac tion among the employees of an organization (Olafsen et al.2015). It is when the employees of an organization finds job enlargement and enrichment along with certain level of empowerment, the motivation level increases and the organizational activities increases considerably. The motivational factors that are evident at McDonalds are based on the expectations of the employees. It has been observed that the employees of the Organization have been promoted to the managerial position as well. This is one of the most impactful motivational factors that the Organization had undertaken. As commented by Kim, Kim and Heo, (2015), when the eligible employees are recognized and they are included in making important decisions for the organization, the employees get highly motivated and they focus on the improvement of the organization as well. Therefore, it can be said that the Herzbergs Two Factor Theory can be rightly applicable to the motivational factors of McDonalds. Theory X and Theory Y: The Theory X and Theory Y model is another exceptional motivational theory that is used by major organizations to motivate their employees. The theory suggests that the management style of an organization is strongly influenced by the beliefs and assumptions of the employees. It has been assumed that employees automatically get motivated if they like the work and they get unmotivated if they do not like the work at all (Band et al., 2016). In case, if there remains an authoritarian approach in the management style, there remain lesser chances of acceptability among the employees. Theory X assumes that employees are less intelligent and that they can be made intelligent if they are trained well. The average workforce can be easily motivated to perform better by the application of a number of motivational factors. In this respect, Turan, (2015) commented that it is in fact suitable for the management as well to find out various ways to motivate the employees and increase the productivi ty of the organization. Theory Y talks about the internal organizational structure of an organization. As stated by Aitken, (2014), employees are the most efficient and effective resource of an organization and thus, they should be rewarded for their part of work in order to boost their morale. If the employees get motivated, there remains a greater chance that the organization will prosper. Assuming the factors of X and Y, it can be easily said that McDonalds motivational factors are inclined towards improving the condition of the employees and has resulted in creating a relationship between the employees and the management. The motivational schemes like performance based pay scheme or rewarding them with the right title and designation has resulted in motivating the employees which in turn has improved the organizational capability to a great extent (Dobre, 2013). The theories explained in this part of the paper helps to understand the importance of motivational factors in improving the productivity of an organization. It can be rightly said that incentives and monetary schemes are greatly recognized by McDonalds to motivate their employees. Therefore, it can be said that it is the motivational factors that has helped McDonalds to reach the mark where the Organization presently stands. Application of McDonald's approach to managing human resources in a not-for profit organization such as the Spastic Centre. Justification of the answer The motivational factors used by the non-profit organization Spastic Centre was based on salary packages. In addition to this, childcare centers, gym and food and drink packages were aloes included in the packages for the employees of the organization. The employees have to pay very less amount to avail the services of food packaging. On the other hand, the motivational and the recognition schemes of McDonalds are based on the profit earned by the Organization. If the situation of McDonalds is considered, it has to be said that it is a profit making organization and the Company also have to fight against the intense competition from other fast food retailers as well (Grachev Rakitsky, 2013). Customer servicing is one of the major criterion that they have to perform in order to boost their sales and dominate the market. As stated by Lawter, Kopelman and Prottas, (2015), for a non-profit organization, the managerial responsibility remains to reduce the costs and expenses of the organization because not much is gained from the business activities or operations. Therefore, coming up with certain motivational schemes that include huge expenses levied on the employees will automatically increase the expenses of the non-profit organization. This might result in high payoff for the particular organization. As commented by Grbz, ?ahin and Kksal, (2014), that one of the most important work from the managerial perspective is to minimize the cost of the particular agency and move towards better benefits and increase the profitability of the particular organization. In case, if the non-profit organization, Spastic Centre adopts the motivational techniques as adopted by McDonalds, there remains a greater chance that the Company has to suffer monetarily. In this respect, Wery and Thomson, (2013) commented that pe rformance based pay and behavior oriented schemes are important in an organization to follow in order to boost the performance of the employees in an organization. However, the application of the major attractive and motivation al schemes are largely depended on the type of organization and the needs of the organization (Graves, Sarkis Zhu, 2013). With the analysis, it can be said that for every organization, motivating the employees is indeed very important and it is only by the means of motivating the employees, there remains better chances of increasing the productivity of the organization (Grbz, ?ahin Kksal, (2014)). However, it has to be understood that there remains a huge difference between a profit and non-profit organization. As it has been evident that McDonalds business largely focuses on increasing its profit margin and thus, expenses made on the employees fall under needs of the organization but for a non-profit organization, including monetary expenses for motivating the employees is not feasible at all. Conclusion: A detailed analysis had been done on the understanding of motivational factors that an Organization undertakes to motivate the employees. The case study on McDonalds has been taken into consideration for understanding the important factors that motivate the employees of the Organization. A number of motivational theories have been discussed as well to understand the theoretical perspective of the motivational factors. It has been observed that McDonalds has been utilizing a number of motivational factors either by the means of providing incentives or by recognizing the employees. If the same situation is considered in case of a non-profit organization, it can be said that the motivational factors might differ because providing money to the employees might not be feasible for the particular organization. References: Aitken, H. G. (2014).Scientific Management in Action: Taylorism at Watertown Arsenal, 1908-1915. Princeton University Press. Band, G., Shah, N. V., Sriram, R., Appliances, E. (2016). Herzberg Two Factor Theory among the Management Faculty in Nagpur City. InInternational Conference on Management and Information Systems September(Vol. 23, p. 24). Brown, R., Capozza, D. (Eds.). (2016).Social identities: Motivational, emotional, cultural influences. Psychology Press. Cerasoli, C. P., Nicklin, J. M., Ford, M. T. (2014). Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic incentives jointly predict performance: A 40-year meta-analysis.Psychological bulletin,140(4), 980. Corporate.mcdonalds.com (2017) Pay Rewards Retrieved from: https://corporate.mcdonalds.com/mcd/corporate_careers/benefits/highlights_of_what_we_offer/pay_and_rewards.html [Accessed on: 2-2-2017] Crawford. R., (2015) McDonalds Restaurants puts motivation and reward at heart of business strategy Retrieved from: https://www.employeebenefits.co.uk/issues/june-2015/mcdonalds-restaurants-puts-motivation-and-reward-at-heart-of-business-strategy/ [Accessed on: 2-2-2017] Dobre, O. I. (2013). 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Assessing Theory X and Theory Y Assumptions in the Classroom: Are Student Objectives Aligned with Instructors Expectations?.2016 NCUR. Joseph, J., Zacharia, K. P. (2013). Automatic attendance management system using face recognition.International Journal Of Science and Research (IJSR), ISSN (Online), 2319-7064. Kim, B. N., Kim, S., Heo, C. Y. (2015). An application of Herzbergs two-factor theory on online hotel reviews Lawter, L., Kopelman, R. E., Prottas, D. J. (2015). McGregor's Theory X/Y and Job Performance: A Multilevel, Multi-source Analysis.Journal of Managerial Issues,27(1-4), 84. Lovewell-Tuck. D., (2013) McDonalds Restaurants built on motivation Retrieved from: https://www.employeebenefits.co.uk/issues/motivation-and-recognition-supplement-2013/mcdonalds-restaurants-built-on-motivation/ [Accessed on: 2-2-2017] Malik, M. A. R., Butt, A. N., Choi, J. N. (2015). Rewards and employee creative performance: Moderating effects of creative self?efficacy, reward importance, and locus of control.Journal of Organizational Behavior,36(1), 59-74. Olafsen, A. H., Halvari, H., Forest, J., Deci, E. L. (2015). Show them the money? The role of pay, managerial need support, and justice in a self?determination theory model of intrinsic work motivation.Scandinavian journal of psychology,56(4), 447-457. Park, S. C., Ryoo, S. Y. (2013). An empirical investigation of end-users switching toward cloud computing: A two factor theory perspective.Computers in Human Behavior,29(1), 160-170. Sajuyigbe, A. S., Olaoye, B. O., Adeyemi, M. A. (2013). Impact of Reward on Employees Performance in a Selected Manufacturing Companies in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.International Journal of Arts and Commerce,2(2), 1929-7106. Turan, H. (2015). Taylors Scientific Management Principles: Contemporary Issues in Personnel Selection Period.Journal of Economics, Business and Management,3(11), 1102-1105. Wery, J., Thomson, M. M. (2013). Motivational strategies to enhance effective learning in teaching struggling students.Support for Learning,28(3), 103-108